银生节度考(上)

Textual Reserach on Yinsheng Prefecture(Ⅰ)

在很多元代的文献中,南诏、大理国时期的银生节度在哪里,与开南都督是什么关系,已经认识不清。原来的开南节度地区,常见被称为银生节度,开南节度直接被抹去不见。这种状况,延续至今,也没有改变。开南与银生两个节度在南诏时期同时存在,管辖地区不同。后来开南节度为什么不见了呢?其实是大理国末期迫于傣族北进压力,把银生节度移到开南节度地区造成的。元代有银沙逻甸,文献中明确说就是唐代的银生府。元代后期,思可伐势力东扩,银沙逻甸等地被改用傣语地名,明清时期的人就无法知道银沙逻甸在哪里。这样一来,开南与银生两个节度的情况都变得模糊不清。弄清这个变化过程,就可以恢复两个节度的本来面目,无论对南诏大理史研究,还是对地方沿革史研究都具有重要意义。

In historical records of the Yuan Dynasty(1279-1368),information concerning whereabouts of Yinsheng Prefecture(jiedu)during the periods of the Nanzhao(738-902)and Dali(937-1253)kingdoms and its relationship with Kainan Prefecture is unclear.The region of Kainan Prefecture is often referred to as Yinsheng Prefecture and Kainan itself has virtually disappeared,a phenomenon that has survived history.As a matter of fact,both Kainan and Yinsheng prefectures existed,simultaneously but exercising jurisdiction over different areas.Then how did it come that Kainan Prefecture disappeared?It was the result of a decision made by the Dali Kingdom,on its wane,to move Yinsheng Prefecture to the region of Kainan Prefecture under pressure of the northward-advancing Dai people.According to some records,Yinsha Luodian was actually Yinsheng Prefecture(called fu at that time)in the Tang Dynasty(618-907)but later adopted a Dai name due to the eastward expansion of Si Kefa in late Yuan Dynasty,so people of the two following dynasties(Ming and Qing,1368-1911)had no idea where it had been.That's why information about these two prefectures in question became unclear.Clarification of the historical evolution mentioned above of these two prefectures–Kainan and Yinsheng can tell us what and where they truly were and such an understanding can be of great significance to research of history,both that of Dali and other local historical identities.