高铁开通、城市可达性与就业机会

High-speed Rail Opened,Urban Accessibility and Employment

通过匹配2005~2017年中国城市发展数据与高速铁路网络数据,定量分析中国高速铁路、城市可达性对就业机会的影响,研究结果显示:高铁开通、城市可达性的增强提高城市就业密度,显著降低了失业率,但对不同城市的就业密度呈现出异质性特征。此外采用不同方法进行稳健性检验,通过选取工具变量处理内生性问题,结论仍成立。机制分析结果表明,高铁主要通过促进服务业集聚进而提升城市就业机会。据此提出推进高铁网络化建设、加强城市内部交通网络与高铁站点的衔接与融合、扩大服务业开放力度、实现服务业智能化转型等建议。

By matching database of China's urban data and HSR data from 2005 to 2017,this paper quantiatively explored the impact of Chinas HSR and urban acessibility to the employment.Result shows that,firstly,the opening of the HSR and the enhancement of urban accessibility have significantly increased urban employment density and reduced unemployment rate.However,the employment density is heterogeneous to the different cities.In addition,using the different methods to make results robust,and the conclusion is still valid by selecting instrument variable to deal with endogenous problem.Secondly,the results of the mechanism analysis show that HSR mainly promotes the agglomeration of service industries to enhance urban employments.Eventually,it makes recommendations based on the conclusions,such as promote high-speed rail network construction,expand the service industry opening and realize the intelligent transformation of the service industry.Last but not least,it should strength the connection and integration of the eity's internal transportation network and high-speed rail stations.