厚轴茶雄性不育株花蕾发育过程中的生理生化变化

Physiological and biochemical changes during bud development in male sterile plant of Camellia crassicolumna

为探讨厚轴茶(Camellia crassicolumna)雄性不育株的生理生化特征,以其不育株M350和可育株M352为试材,测定了不同发育期花蕾中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量,分析了过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,比较了生长素(IAA)、玉米素(ZR)、赤霉素(GA)、脱落酸(ABA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量差异及不同内源激素的平衡关系。结果表明,花蕾发育中后期,不育株可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量较可育株偏低,淀粉含量与可育株相差不大,MDA含量较可育株偏高。不育株POD活性整体呈上升趋势,各发育期均显著高于可育株;不育株SOD和CAT活性整体呈下降趋势,在单核花粉期和花粉成熟期都显著低于可育株。整个花蕾发育过程中,不育株IAA、ZR和JA含量都显著低于可育株,ABA含量显著高于可育株,GA含量波动较大;ABA/IAA、GA/IAA、ZR/IAA、ABA/GA、ABA/ZR、ABA/JA、JA/GA、JA/ZR和GA/ZR等激素含量比值在不育株与可育株间的变化趋势明显不同,且差异较大。推测以上现象可能与雄性不育的发生相关。单核花粉期可能是厚轴茶雄性不育株花蕾生理生化出现异常的关键时期。

In order to research the physiological and biochemical characteristics of male sterile plant in Camellia crassicolumna,taking sterile plant M350 and fertile plant M352 as test materials,the contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar,starch,free proline and malondialdehyde(MDA)in buds of sterile and fertile plants at different developmental stages were determined.The activities of antioxidant enzymes[peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)]were analyzed.The contents of endogenous hormones[indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),zeatin riboside(ZR),gibberellic acid(GA),abscisic acid(ABA)and jasmonic acid(JA)]were detected,and the ratios of different hormones were compared between sterile and fertile plants.The results show that the contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar and free proline of male sterile were lower than fertile plants during middle and late stages of bud development,starch content had little difference between sterile and fertile plants,and MDA content of sterile plants were significantly higher than fertile plants.POD activity in sterile plants appeared upward trend,and was significantly higher than fertile plants in each development stage.SOD and CAT activities of sterile plants both appeared downward trends,and were significantly lower than fertile plants during mononuclear pollen and mature pollen stages.During bud development,IAA,ZR and JA contents of sterile plants were all significantly lower than fertile plants,ABA content in sterile plants was significantly higher than fertile plants,GA content in sterile plants fluctuated greatly.An inconsistent variation trend was found in terms of the ABA/IAA,GA/IAA,ZR/IAA,ABA/GA,ABA/ZR,ABA/JA,JA/GA,JA/ZR and GA/ZR between the sterile and fertile plants,and the difference was great.The above phenomena might be related to the occurrence of male sterility in C.crassocolumna.The mononuclear pollen stage may be the key period for the physiological and biochemical abnormalities of male sterile plants.