乡村振兴与发展中的产业富民:国际经验与中国实践

Industrial development to increase rural income under the strategy of rural revitalization:International experiences and China’s practices

产业富民是链接精准扶贫与乡村振兴的纽带,同时也是打通城乡要素自由流动的关键。然而,当下产业富民面临着路径不明挑战,明晰产业富民路径成为乡村振兴发展急需。利用联合国粮农组织数据,分析全球典型国家产业富民路径和国际经验,分析人力资本提升型、生态效率提升型和组织效率提升型富民模式与运行机制,探讨我国乡村振兴产业富民的路径。结果表明,国外的产业富民模式中以美国为主要代表的人力资本提升型、以韩国为代表的生态效率提升型和以日本为代表的组织效率提升型对中国产业富民路径借鉴具有极为重要的意义。新中国从1949-2019年乡村产业富民演变态势体现为缓慢变动、逐步完善、全面调整和产业融合四个阶段,由于不同地区的产业富民模式与路径存在明显差异,产业富民的模式需要因地制宜,分区分类的开展探索。研究表明,乡村产业富民不是一蹴而就的,需要循序渐进;同时,产业富民需要遵循从数据、知识库和节点提取,到关键制约因子识别,再到投入-产出绩效评价的步骤,诊断发展过程中的短板(脆弱性、弹性、阈值和拐点),为路径识别与评估提供科学判据。

Industrial development to increase rural income is the link between targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.And it is also a key to free flow of production factors between urban and rural areas.However,the current path of industrial development to increase rural income is not clear and needs clarification.Based on the data from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO),this study analyzed the paths and experiences of industrial development to increase rural income of typical countries worldwide,explored the performing mechanisms of human capital enhancement mode,ecological efficiency enhancement mode and organizational efficiency enhancement mode,and discussed the paths of rural revitalization and industrial development to increase rural income in China.Results show that the modes of industrial development to increase rural income mainly included human capital enhancement mode represented by the United States,ecological efficiency enhancement mode represented by South Korea,and organizational efficiency enhancement mode represented by Japan,which are of great reference significance for China’s path of industrial development to increase rural income.The evolution path of China’s rural industrial development to increase rural income from 1949 to 2019 can be divided into four stages,including slow change,gradual improvement,overall adjustment,and industrial integration.Due to the obvious differences in the modes and paths of industrial enrichment in different regions,it is necessary to explore the modes of rural industrial development to increase rural income in accordance to local conditions in different regions.On one hand,rural industrial development to increase rural income needs to be achieved step by step;On the other hand,it needs to follow the steps from extraction of data,knowledge base and node,to identify the key constraint factors,and then to evaluate the input-output performance,and to diagnose the weak points(vulnerability,elasticity,threshold,and inflection points)in the development process,thus to provide scientific criteria for the path identification and evaluation.