农业保险对家庭经营收入的影响效果--基于全国三类农户调查的实证分析

The impacts of crop insurance on rural household income:An empirical analysis based on a survey data of three types of rural households

自2007年以来,农业保险取得重大发展,成为分散农业风险、强化农户收入保障的重要手段。但农业保险除了直接的收入保障作用外是否还起到了促进农民增收的效果及其作用机制仍需进一步研究。基于第二期“全国新型农业经营主体发展指数调查”数据,使用处理效应模型(TEM),分析农业保险对普通农户、专业大户和家庭农场三类农户家庭经营收入的影响。结果表明,家庭农场和专业大户两类新型农业经营主体在经营收入和购买农业保险比例方面均明显高于普通农户。购买农业保险的农户家庭经营收入、粮食作物收入和经济作物收入均明显高于未购买农业保险的农户。农业保险对农户家庭经营收入和粮食作物收入具有显著的促进作用,但对经济作物收入难以起到保障作用。进一步使用OLS模型验证农业保险对家庭经营收入的促进作用,结果依然稳健。机制检验表明,风险承担和经营创新是农业保险影响家庭经营收入和粮食作物收入的主要途径。鉴于此,提出政府应加大农业保险支持力度、研发适宜新型农业经营主体的险种、将农业保险支持与其他支农惠农政策相结合等政策建议。

Since 2007,agricultural insurance has made significant developments and has become an important means to diversify agricultural risks and strengthen farmers’income security.However,in addition to the direct income guarantee function,whether agricultural insurance has indirectly contributed to the increase of the farmers’income and its mechanism still needs further study.Based on the treatment effect model,using the data of the second phase of the“National New Agricultural Management Entities’Development Index Survey”,this paper investigates the impacts of crop insurance on household incomes of ordinary rural households,large-scale specialized households,and family farms.Results show that two types of new agricultural management entities in operational income and purchase of agricultural insurance ratio are significantly higher than ordinary rural households.The income from operation,food crops and cash crops of farms with agricultural insurance were significantly higher than those without insurance.Crop insurance has a strong role in promoting household operational income and crop income,but it is difficult to guarantee the income of cash crops.This paper further uses the OLS model to verify the promotion effects of agricultural insurance on household operational income.Results are still stable.In the examination of the impact mechanism,this paper finds that risk taking and management innovation are the intermediate ways for agricultural insurance to affect household operational income and food crop income.Based on the above analysis,to increase the support of agricultural insurance,this paper provides the following policy recommendations:developing insurance types suitable for the new types of agricultural management entities and combining agricultural insurance support with other policies that support and benefit farmers.