逻辑基础问题——一个金岳霖式的回答

The Foundational Problem of Logic:An Answer from Jin Yuelin's Position

王浩在评价金岳霖学术生涯时,曾经设想过一个研究计划但是没有实行,该计划实以“逻辑基础问题”为主线。金岳霖把自己庞大哲学体系的出发点归结为逻辑,但是在为逻辑建立基础的时候,遇到了“逻辑中心困境”。在晚年的哲学工作中,他接续自己早期关于逻辑基础问题的研究,认为这个问题对整个的逻辑来说太大,从而集中讨论了推论的基础问题,把推论建基在“思维的可能”和“历史的事实”之中。如果推论是逻辑的核心,那么,他的这个论题可以视为对逻辑基础问题的一个“金岳霖式”的回答。这个回答走出了他早期工作中遇到的困境,既体现出逻辑与历史的统一和分别,也体现出“以哲学作为一项思想上的武器,为当前国家的需要直接服务”和“以哲学作为一项专门的学问来研究,直接间接为中国在国际哲学领域内争取较高的地位”的结合。

Wang Hao present a project when he evaluated Jin Yuelin's academic career,but it was not implemented.We will take“the foundational problem of logic”as the main line to try to carry out this plan.In 1927,Jin Yuelin attributed the starting point of his all-encompassing neorealist system of philosophy to logic,but encountered the“logocentric predicament”when establishing the foundation for logic.In his philosophical work during his later years,he continued his early research on the foundation of logic,thinking that this problem was too big for the whole logic,thus focusing on the foundation of inference,and basing inference on“the possibility of thinking”and“historical facts”.We think that Jin Yuelin's thesis can be regarded as an answer to the foundational problem of logic if inference is the core of logic.This answer goes out of the trap he encountered in his early work,which not only embodies the unity and difference between logic and history,but also embodies the perfect combination of“taking philosophy as an ideological weapon to directly serve the needs of the current country”and“taking philosophy as a specialized study to directly and indirectly strive for a higher position for China in the field of international philosophy”.