福建省老年人高血压患病情况调查及相关因素分析

Survey on the prevalence and related risk factors of hypertension among the elderly population in Fujian Province

目的了解福建省老年人高血压的患病情况及相关因素。方法使用2014年8月至2016年7月福建省高血压分层多阶段随机抽样横断面调查资料,抽取老年(年龄≥60岁)常驻居民4483人,观察高血压患病率以及知晓率、治疗率、控制率,比较不同性别之间、沿海及内陆之间、城市及乡村之间高血压患病情况的差别,分析高血压患病的相关因素。结果福建省老年居民的高血压患病率为60.2%,标化患病率59.1%,知晓率为55.8%,治疗率50.1%,控制率仅17.0%。其中女性高血压患病率(63.2%比57.1%)明显高于男性(P<0.05),知晓率(55.9%比55.6%),治疗率(50.6%比49.6%)及控制率(17.6%比16.6%)的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。城乡间高血压患病率的差异无统计学意义(59.1%比61.4%,P>0.05),但城市高血压知晓率、治疗率及控制率明显高于乡村地区(60.2%比51.5%,56.1%比44.4%,25.4%比8.8%,均P<0.05)。与内陆地带相比,沿海地带患病率(77.0%比55.9%),及2、3级高血压患病率较高(25.9%比15.3%,15.5%比5.6%,均P<0.05)。非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,福建省老年人群高血压的相关因素包括:年龄、中心性肥胖、文化程度、高血压家族史、身体脂肪率及体质量指数(BMI)。结论福建省老年人群高血压患病率较高,在女性、沿海地带及中心性肥胖人群中尤为明显,全省老年高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率及控制率仍偏低。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of hypertension among elderly population in Fujian Province.Methods We extracted data of 4483 elderly residents(aged≥60 years)from a stratified multi-stage random sampling cross-sectional survey on hypertension in Fujian Province from August 2014 to July 2016.Prevalence,awareness,treatment and control rates of hypertension were calculated.We compared the prevalence of hypertension between genders and residential areas(coastal or inland,rural or urban),then analyzed related factors of hypertension.Results The overall crude prevalence of hypertension among elderly in Fujian Province was 60.2%,and the weighted prevalence was 59.1%,while the awareness,treatment and control rates were 55.8%,50.1%and 17.0%,respectively.The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in women(63.2%vs 57.1%,P<0.05),but awareness,treatment and control rates showed no gender difference(55.9%vs 55.6%,50.6%vs 49.6%,17.6%vs 16.6%,P>0.05,respectively).Urban elderly residents had similar prevalence of hypertension with rural elderly residents(59.1%vs 61.4%,P>0.05),but were more awared and better treated and controled(60.2%vs 51.5%,56.1%vs 44.4%,25.4%vs 8.8%,P<0.05,respectively).Elderly residents in coastal areas had higher prevalence and severity(level 2 to 3)of hypertension(77.0%vs 55.9%,25.9%vs 15.3%,15.5%vs 5.6%,P<0.05,respectively)than in inland areas.Related risk factors of hypertension in the elderly population included age,central obesity,education level,family history of hypertension,body fat percentage and body mass index.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension among elderly population in Fujian Province is relatively high,especially in women,and those with central obesity or living in coastal areas.Meanwhile,the awareness,treatment,and control rates of hypertension in old population remain low.