论“许可侵权”制度的域外发展及我国适用

Study on the Extraterritorial Development of“Authorization Infringement”System and Its Application in China

慧鱼模型案中,二审法院引入“许可侵权”制度规范被告销售模型组件的行为。在著作权法对著作权间接侵权并无规定的情形下,对不构成帮助或教唆侵权但不对其规制又难谓公平合理的行为,实有引入“许可侵权”制度之必要。通过对比分析英国、澳大利亚等的相关立法及司法实践不难发现,各国许可侵权的判断规则逐渐趋同,但都集中于行为人的客观行为分析,缺乏对行为人主观恶意的考量。许可侵权应被定性为一种间接侵权,其成立以被许可行为侵权为前提,由于英国法院发展出的判断规则较为具体且可操作性强,我国法院在相关案件中可予以借鉴。此外,为了限制许可侵权制度的适用范畴,应增加对行为人主观故意的要求。

In the“huiyu model case”,the court of second instance introduced the“authorization infringement”system to regulate the defendant’s behavior of selling model components.In the case that Copyright Law has no provisions on indirect infringement of copyright,it is necessary to introduce the system of“authorization infringement”,when it’s unfair not to regulate an act which does not constitute aiding or abetting infringement.Through comparative analysis of relevant legislation and judicial practice in the UK,Australia and other countries,it is not difficult to find that the judicial rules of authorization infringement in various countries gradually converge,but all of them focus on the objective behavior analysis of the actor and lack consideration of the subjective malice of the actor.Authorization infringement should be characterized as an indirect infringement.Because the judicial rules developed by British courts are relatively specific and practical,Chinese courts can learn from them in relevant cases.In addition,in order to limit the scope of application of authorization infringement system,the subjective intention of the actor should be considered.