德国早期浪漫派的反基础主义转向和反讽概念

The Anti-fundamentalist Turnaround of the Early Romanticism in Germany and Their Concept of Irony

18世纪末19世纪初施勒格尔兄弟、诺瓦利斯、施莱尔马赫等德国早期浪漫派学者敏锐地洞悉了启蒙运动以来基础主义哲学体系的专制,从源于费希特的自我意识概念出发,提出了反讽的概念,以作为反基础主义的哲学方案,试图恢复有限物、感性因素、个体性在无限彼岸、理性体系、普遍性面前不可消解的地位,并提供了普遍历史意义上的民族精神概念。但是由于浪漫派在主观性的方向上走得太远,个体自我意识难以承担自我设限的重任,陷入了个体的绝对主宰与绝对臣服、追求至善与虚无主义、无限变化与寂静主义、革命性与保守主义的重重悖论,最终错失了启蒙的遗产和个体的自由。

At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century,Schlegel brothers,Novalis,Schleiermacher and other early romantic scholars in Germany had a keen insight into the autocracy of the philosophy system of fundamentalism since the Enlightenment.Based on Fichte’s idea of self-consciousness,they put forward the concept of irony as a philosophical program of anti-fundamentalism,trying to restore the indissoluble position of limited things,irrational elements,and individuality in front of the otherworld,rational system and universality,and provided the idea of national spirit in the universal historical sense.But because the Romantics went too far in the direction of subjectivity,and the individual self-consciousness couldn’t bear the responsibility of self-setting,they fell into complex paradoxes,including the absolute domination and submission of the individual,the pursuit of the good and nihilism,infinite change and quietism,revolution and conservatism,and finally missed the heritage of Enlightenment and individual freedom.