运动生物力学测试指标体系在足背内、外侧踢定位球技术中的应用

The Application of Sports Biomechanics Test Index System in Kicking Set-pieces Technique of Inside and Outside instep

目的全面了解足背内、外侧踢球技术动作的运动规律特征,为男子足球运动员相关技术提供运动生物力学理论依据和数据支持。方法对6名男子足球运动员的足背内、外侧踢定位球技术进行运动生物力学分析,采用高速摄像机、遥测肌电仪和三维测力台同步分析方法,以及Dartfish运动录像解析软件和肌电分析软件对测试数据进行分析和处理。结果 6名运动员在大腿后摆阶段足背内侧和足背外侧摆动腿中,足背内侧膝角均值>足背外侧膝角均值。在大腿前摆和小腿前摆阶段,足背内侧摆动腿膝角均值>足背外侧摆动腿膝角均值,足背内侧摆动腿踝角均值>足背外侧摆动腿踝角均值,6名运动员的受力情况为足背外侧>足背内侧。小腿后摆阶段中,6名运动员足背外侧摆动腿的股二头肌和股四头肌放电强烈,在小腿前摆阶段中,足背内侧支撑腿的胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、股二头肌和股四头肌放电均强烈。结论足背内侧踢球技术和足背外侧踢球技术不仅只是脚触球的部位不一样,还与各关节角度大小有关。股四头肌在各个踢球阶段中肌肉做功负荷较大,应加强足球运动员的股四头肌力量训练,以及躯干肌肉和胫骨前肌的力量训练。

Objective It is of great reference value to understand the characteristics of the movement law of the technique of kicking ball inside and outside the dorsum of foot, and provide the theoretical basis and data support for sports biomechanics of the scientific and reasonable kicking technique.Methods The biomechanical analysis of 6 male football players was carried out.Through the research method of synchronization test by the high-speed camera, telemetry Emg and 3-D force platform, the researchers used the motion video analysis software and Emg software Dartfish to analyze the test data.Results In the backswing stage of thigh, the 6 players’ mean knee angle of inner instep kick is larger than the mean knee angle of outer instep kick.In the forward swing stage of thigh and calf, the 6 players’ mean knee angle of inner instep kick is larger than the mean knee angle of outer instep kick and the 6 players’ mean ankle angle of inner instep kick is larger than the mean ankle angle of outer instep kick, besides, the force condition shows that inner instep kick is also larger than outer instep kick.In the calf back swing stage of outer instep kick, the kicking leg of the 6 players’ biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris discharge strongly;In the calf forward swing stage of inner instep kick, the supporting leg of the 6 players’ tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris and quadriceps femoris discharge strongly.Conclusion The inner and outer instep place kick have different striking spots and different joint angles.The work load of quadriceps femoris is larger in each stage of kicking,so it is necessary to strengthen the strength training of quadriceps femoris, trunk muscle and tibial anterior muscle.