管辖协议的理论重构

The Reconstruction of the Jurisdiction Agreement Theory

我国既有关于管辖协议的学说大多依照《民事诉讼法》和相关司法解释展开,由于没有自身的理论体系,无法覆盖其他管辖协议规则,也不能解决司法疑难问题,有必要进行理论重构。在明确管辖协议是诉讼行为的同时,也应当认识到我国诉讼行为理论的薄弱不足以为管辖协议提供分析框架,因而应当类推适用民法学中法律行为的理论体系。管辖协议不是普通的双方行为和负担行为,更包含了变更管辖权的统一意思表示,因而带有共同行为和处分行为的属性。在构成要件上,既有的要件都是生效要件中"不违反强制性规定或社会公共利益"下的具体规则,而除此之外的成立要件和其他生效要件也应得到重视。

Most existing theories of jurisdiction agreement in our country are based on The Civil Procedure Law and relevant judicial interpretations.Neither can they entirely contain rules of jurisdiction agreement,nor solve difficult problems in judicial practice.Therefore,it’s essential to reconstruct the theoretical system of jurisdiction agreement.Although making a jurisdiction agreement is a procedural act,the weakness of the procedural act theory in our country causes it hard to fully explain jurisdiction agreements.So we need to apply the theoretical system of the legal act in civil law by analogy.Entering into a Jurisdiction is not just a bilateral act or a Verpflichtungsgeschfte.Due to the coherent declaration of will in changing the jurisdiction included in the jurisdiction agreement,it also has the natures of joint act and Verfügungsgeschfte.In terms of constitutive elements,the existing ones are all regard to"the legal act shall not violate mandatory regulations or public interests",which is just one of the validity elements.Besides it,great emphasis should also be placed on the establishment elements and other validity elements.