厦门市儿童医院6岁以下儿童副流感病毒感染流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of parainfluenza virus infection in children under 6 years old in Xiamen Children's Hospital

目的分析厦门市儿童医院6岁以下儿童副流感病毒(PIV)感染流行病学特征,为临床工作提供诊疗思路,提早进行预判及治疗,避免抗生素滥用。方法收集2019年1月1日~12月31日厦门市儿童医院6岁以下6930例住院患儿鼻咽拭子、痰液和肺泡灌洗液标本,采用实时免疫荧光法对副流感病毒1、2、3型(PIV 1、2、3型)进行检测,并对副流感病毒(PIV)阳性患儿进行流行病学分析,并观察:①PIV各型阳性检出率;②男女患儿PIV各型检测阳性结果;③不同年龄组患儿PIV各型检测阳性结果;④不同季节患儿PIV各型阳性检测结果。结果6930例患儿中检测出副流感病毒(PIV)阳性266例,患儿阳性检出率为3.84%(266/6930)。呼吸道病毒检测中PIV 3型阳性检出率最高,为3.10%(215/6930);PIV 1型次之,为0.49%(34/6930);PIV 2型最低,为0.24%(17/6930);男性患儿中感染率为3.91%(163/4169),女性患儿中感染率为3.73%(103/2761),男女患儿感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组PIV各型阳性感染率比较,PIV 3型差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而PIV 1、2型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。呼吸道病毒检测率因季节而异,PIV 3型春、夏两季病毒检出阳性率明显高于秋、冬两季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。秋季PIV 1型和PIV 2型阳性率均高于春、夏、冬三季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论厦门市儿童医院6岁以下住院儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染中,PIV感染病例多,婴儿期为发病高峰。以PIV 3型最常见,流行主要发生于春、夏季节。PIV 1、2型感染率较低,流行趋势不确定。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of parainfluenza virus(PIV)infection in children under 6 years old in Xiamen Children's Hospital,so as to provide diagnosis and treatment ideas for clinical work,predict and treat in advance and avoid antibiotic abuse.Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs,sputum and alveolar lavage fluid samples of 6930 children under 6 years old admitted to Xiamen Children's Hospital from January 1 to December 31,2019 were collected,and PIV types 1,2 and 3 were detected by real-time immunofluorescence.The epidemiological analysis of PIV positive children was carried out,and the following items were observed.(1)Positive detection rate of PIV types.(2)PIV positive results between male and female children.(3)PIV positive results among children of different ages groups.(4)PIV positive test results among children in different seasons.Results Positive PIV was detected in 266 of 6930 children,and the positive rate of PIV in children was 3.84%(266/6930).In respiratory virus detection,the positive rate of PIV type 3 was the highest,which was 3.10%(215/6930).It was followed by PIV type 1,which was 0.49%(34/6930).PIV type 2 was the lowest,which was 0.24%(17/6930).The infection rate was 3.91%(163/4169)in male children and 3.73%(103/2761)in female children.There was no significant difference in infection rate between male and female children(P>0.05).Comparing the positive infection rates among different ages groups,PIV type 3 showed statistically significant difference(P<0.05),while PIV type 1 and PIV type 2 showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).The detection rate of respiratory virus varied with seasons.The positive rates of PIV type 3 in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The posi tive rates of PIV type 1 and PIV type 2 in autumn were higher than those in spring,summer and winter,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion PIV infections are common among hospitalized children under 6 years old in Xiamen Children's Hospital,and the peak incidence is in infancy. PIV type 3 is the most common type,and the epidemic mainly occurs in spring and summer. The infection rates of PIV type 1 and PIV type 2 are lower,and the epidemic trend is uncertain.