法定犯司法适用问题研究

Research on the Applicability of Justice to Statutory Offence

法定犯司法认定与适用中的困境都根源于法定犯中刑法与前置法的关系,常表现为三种情况:其一,刑法与前置法的规制范围是否一致;其二,刑法与前置法对相同规制对象的评价是否必须一致;其三,法定犯的成立是否要求存在违法性认识。法定犯司法认定的判断路径应该是:首先,以前置法为法定犯的规制范围划定消极边界,在边界之外的无论如何不能构成相应的法定犯犯罪;其次,以法益侵害性原则进行刑事违法性的积极判断,以避免前置法的判断僭越刑法的判断;最后,以违法性认识可能性进行有责层面的判断,在行为人对涉事行为不具有违法性认识且缺乏违法性认识可能性的情况下否定法定犯的成立。

The defining and applicability of statutory offence is situated in a dilemma,rooted in the relationship between criminal law and the premise-based law.Normally there are three situations,namely,whether the scope of regulations and rules is consistent between criminal law and the premise-based law,whether the evaluations on the subjects of the same regulations and rules are consistent between criminal law and the premise-based law,and whether the establishment of statutory offence is a law-violating understanding.It is argued that explicit scope should be drawn for statutory offence via the premise-based law,trespass of legal interests should be assumed as an important principle for the judgment of crime,and clear judgments should be made on the responsible parties of crime.