低氧中强度运动改善肥胖人群的运动能力和抗疲劳指标

Hypoxia Moderate-intensity Exercise Improves Exercise Capacity and Anti-Fatigue Index in Obese People

据报道,在高海拔地区进行运动训练可明显降低受试者的体脂水平。为了研究低氧环境下进行中等强度的运动是否可以改善肥胖人群的运动能力及抗疲劳能力。本研究分别建立低氧和常氧中强度运动大鼠模型,训练完成后对各组大鼠建立了运动性肌损伤模型,并通过伊文氏蓝染色(evans blue staining,EBD)评价大鼠骨骼肌细胞膜损伤情况。研究发现,对照组大鼠腓肠肌内无明显EBD染料侵入,而另外两组大鼠运动性肌损伤建模后均出现EBD阳性纤维,且低氧组的EBD阳性细胞率显著低于常氧组。此外,本研究招募了40名无系统运动训练史的健康男性大学生进行为期2个月的常氧和低氧(氧浓度为16%)中强度运动。运动后低氧组的身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)低于常氧组(23.32 kg/m^2vs 26.46 kg/m^2),并且低氧组的坐-站次数(23.5次vs 18.3次)和6 min步行距离(452.18 m vs 411.43 m)均高于常氧组。运动后低氧组的总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)水平明显低于常氧组,而高脂血症(hyperlipidemia,TG)与常氧组无显著差异。运动后低氧组的乳酸和尿素氮水平明显低于常氧组。运动后低氧组的SOD和CAT水平高于常氧组,而MDA水平低于常氧组。本研究表明,低氧中强度运动可减弱机体运动性骨骼肌损伤。对于肥胖人群而言,低氧中强度运动具有较好的减脂作用,并且可有效提高运动能力和抗疲劳能力,其机制与改善血脂代谢、增加脂肪动员、抑制蛋白降解、提高抗氧化功能有关。

It has been reported that exercise training at high altitudes can significantly reduce the body fat level of subjects.However,it is unclear whether moderate-intensity exercise in a hypoxic environment can improve the exercise capacity and anti-fatigue ability of obese people.In this study,a rat model of hypoxia and normoxia intensity exercise was established.After the training,a model of exercise muscle injury was established in each group,and the damage of rat skeletal muscle cell membrane was evaluated by Evans blue staining(EBD).The results showed that,there was no obvious EBD dye invasion in the gastrocnemius muscle in the control group,while EBD-positive fibers appeared in the other two groups after modeling the motor muscle damage.The rate of EBD positive cells in the hypoxic group was significantly lower than that in the normoxic group.In addition,the study enrolled 40 healthy male college students with a history of non-systemic exercise training for a two-month normoxic and hypoxic(16%oxygen)moderate-intensity exercise.The BMI(Body mass index)of the hypoxic group after exercise was lower than that of the normoxic group(23.32 kg/m^2 vs 26.46 kg/m^2),and the number of sitting-station(23.5 times vs 18.3 times)and 6 min walking distance(452.18 m vs 411.43 m)in the hypoxic group both were higher than the normoxic group.The levels of total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,(LDL-C)in the hypoxic group were significantly lower than those in the normoxic group after exercise,but there was no significant difference between hyperlipidemia(TG).The levels of lactic acid and urea nitrogen in the hypoxic group were significantly lower than those in the normoxic group after exercise.The levels of SOD and CAT in the hypoxic group were higher than those in the normoxic group,and the MDA level was lower than that in the normoxic group.This study shows that hypoxia moderate intensity exercise can reduce the body’s skeletal muscle damage.For obese people,hypoxic moderate-intensity exercise has a better fat-reducing effect,and can effectively improve exercise capacity and anti-fatigue ability.Its mechanism is related to improving lipid metabolism,increasing lipid mobilization,inhibiting protein degradation and improving antioxidant function.