在博物馆中讲故事:博物馆叙事的新方向

Museum Storytelling: New Direction in Museum Narratives

一个好的故事可以让人陷入其魅力中,并获得情感共鸣、心灵启迪甚至做出人生的某些转变。博物馆也致力于通过"讲故事"的手段来建构展览的意义和价值,而一个具有叙事潜力的展览并不意味着需要从各个方面展开诠释。在当今信息爆炸的数字时代,最重要的似乎不是故事本身,而是讲述故事的方法、如何在博物馆中"讲"故事以及如何将其"讲"成吸引、刺激观众的有趣故事。讲述数字故事、参观讲解中的故事、隐秘历史故事叙述等方面均为博物馆叙事的重要课题,其中,向观众提问、通过故事联结引起观众的共鸣和反思这两种最为有效的叙述手段值得深入探索。通过提问吸引观众从展览找寻答案,同时通过阐述与观众经历相关的故事来帮助他们加深印象、抒发情感。

A good story always lets people pump into its magic, and gain emotional resonance, spiritual inspiration and even make some changes in life. Museums rely on storytelling to construct meanings and values. It, however, does not mean that an exhibition with narrative potential needs to be interpreted in every way. In a digital age with information explosion, it seems that stories are not the most important;what is more important is the way to tell the story and how to make it more engaging and stimulating. From digital storytelling, storytelling in tours, and storytelling of difficult histories, this paper discusses and concludes two most effective narrative approaches, which are asking questions and making stories more relevant. Asking questions encourages visitors to seek answers through exhibitions visiting;making stories more relevant helps deepen their impressions and arouse their emotional resonance.