近30年来江苏省农村居民点时空格局演变及集约利用变化

Spatial-Temporal Pattern Evolution and Intensive Use Changes of Rural Residential Land in Jiangsu Province in the Last 30 Years

基于江苏省6个时点的土地利用动态监测数据,分别从土地利用动态度、核密度估计、景观格局指数等空间探索性分析以及集约利用评价出发,对江苏省1987~2015年农村居民点时空格局动态演变进行分析。结果显示:(1)江苏省各市农村居民点用地从1987~2015年处于不断的扩张中,并呈波动增长态势,而居民点用地规模变化速度以苏中和苏南地区最快。(2)从农村居民点用地变动的转入和转出来看,1987~2015年农村居民点用地转入58.63万hm^2,其中84.79%来源于耕地,占用耕地的比例表现为苏北>苏南>苏中;农村居民点用地转出28.36万hm^2,其中54.26%转变为城镇用地和40.88%复垦为耕地,苏北以复垦为耕地为主,苏中和苏南以转为城镇用地为主。(3)从农村居民点空间分布来看,核密度空间分异明显,呈"多核心"集聚分布,整体呈现"西密东疏"的空间格局特征,另外近30年江苏省农村居民点平均斑块面积呈增长趋势,且斑块形状越发规则,居民点聚集指数呈上升趋势。(4)从集约利用评价结果来看,农村居民点集约利用级别表现为:苏南>苏中>苏北,呈"由高到低"的集约利用梯度。总体来看,近30年来江苏省农村居民点空间格局演变趋于规则和集聚,集约利用程度区域差异明显。应根据居民点布局区域特点及集约利用差异,在推进宅基地"三权分置"和村庄空间规划的基础上,优化土地资源空间配置,提高宅基地利用效率,促进城乡融合发展和乡村振兴。

The purpose of this study is to analysis the spatial-temporal pattern evolution and intensive use changes of rural residential land in Jiangsu province from 1987 to 2015.The research methods included land-use dynamic index,kernel density estimation,landscape pattern index and Intensity measurement index system.The results show that:1)The rural residential land in Jiangsu province from 1987 to 2015 was in a continued expansion,and appears a tendency of increased with fluctuation,the data shows that the fastest speed of scale change in rural residential land happened in south Jiangsu and central Jiangsu.2)From the situation of transfer-in and transfer-out in rural residential land,on one hand,Jiangsu province has a total of 5.863×10^5hm^2of transfer-in rural residential land from 1987 to 2015,and 84.79%was came from arable land occupation.The ratio of rural residential land transfer from arable land ranks as:northern Jiangsu>southern Jiangsu>central Jiangsu.On the other hand,the rural residential land was decreased by 2.836×10^5 hm^2,and 54.26%transformed to urban land,and 40.88%reclaimed to cropland.It was mainly reclaimed to cropland in northern Jiangsu and mainly transformed to urban land in south Jiangsu and central Jiangsu.3)From the perspective of the spatial distribution of rural residential land,the spatial differentiation of rural residential density is obvious,showing a multi-core clustering distribution,and the overall spatial pattern characteristics of west close to east sparse is presented.The average area of rural residential land patches in Jiangsu province from last 30 years,and the shape of patches tends to be regular,residential aggregation index also clustered.4)From the results of intensive utilization evaluation,the intensity of rural settlements follows as:northern Jiangsu>central Jiangsu>southern Jiangsu,which is characterized by a gradient from high to low.In summary,the spatial pattern of rural residential land in Jiangsu Province tended to be regular and clustered,and the regional intensive utilization degree difference was obvious.We should promote land use system reform,optimize the allocation of resource space,and promote the integration of urban and rural development and rural revitalization according to regional differences.