红枣中氨基丁酸含量及其影响因素

Study of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Red Jujube Fruit

氨基丁酸是一种自然界普遍存在的非蛋白质氨基酸,广泛分布于动植物体内,具有很高的生理活性。红枣营养丰富,具有补血、镇静、安神、抗衰老、增强免疫力等功效,是一类传统的药食兼用植物,具有很高的营养价值。为验证枣中是否含有氨基丁酸,进一步讨论采摘时机、干燥和贮藏处理对红枣中氨基丁酸含量的影响。结果表明,枣中确实含有一定量氨基丁酸,并且,与吕梁木枣(280.31μg/g DW)相比,交城骏枣中含有较多氨基丁酸(352.42μg/g DW)。进一步对照试验发现,通过延迟收获节点,在冷胁迫作用下,交城骏枣中氨基丁酸的含量近乎翻倍(700.39μg/g DW)。干燥和储存处理后的红枣中,氨基丁酸含量有明显降低。证实大红枣中含有一定浓度氨基丁酸,长期食用可以产生改善睡眠和降低血压,为进一步开发枣类的经济效益,可对收获时间和开发加工技术进行优化,以便在干燥和储存期间尽可能多地保留枣中氨基丁酸。

Theγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)was a kind of non-protein amino acid in nature.It was widely distributed in animals and plants and had high physiological activity.It was a kind of traditional medicinal and edible plant with high nutritional value.To verify whether the jujube contains aminobutyric acid,the effect of harvest,drying and storage on GABA of jujube was studied.The results showed that there was a certain amount of aminobutyric acid in jujube,and compared with Lüliang Muzao(280.31μg/g DW),and Jiaocheng Junzao contains more GABA(352.42μg/g DW).The GABA content of Jiaocheng Junzao was nearly doubled(700.39μg/g DW)by delaying harvest time probably due to cold stress,while it was significantly decreased by the treatment of drying and storage.Based on the above results,it was believed that jujube does contain a certain concentration of aminobutyric acid.Long-term consumption could improve sleep and reduce blood pressure.In order to further develop the economic benefits of jujube,the harvest time and developing processing technology needed to be optimized,in order to preserve as much as possible during drying and storage.