母乳寡糖的研究进展

Recent Progress in Research of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

母乳是一种富含营养和生物活性物质的复杂生物液体,是婴儿最佳的天然食物,支持新生儿的健康生长发育。母乳寡糖(HMOs)是一类人体不能消化而肠道有益菌可发酵利用的复杂碳水化合物,是母乳中第三大固体成分,对新生儿提供保护的重要组成部分。HMOs可作为信号分子,直接与宿主细胞相互作用,对婴儿肠道免疫调节作用。然而,由于地域差异和遗传因素等影响,母乳中HMOs含量和种类都存在很大差异性。对母乳寡糖相关研究和文献包括HMOs的组成、组成影响因素及对新生儿生长功能等方面进行总结和评述;对关于HMOs的知识背景进行介绍,并对未来中国母乳寡糖研究进行探讨。

Breast milk is complex biological fluid that is rich in nutrients and bioactive agents,the best nature food that supports the healthy growth and development of the newborns.Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are complex glycans which can be used by the beneficial bacteria in the intestine and the third largest solid component in human milk which is an important component of the protection conferred by breast milk on the neonate.HMOs are acting as signaling molecules and directly interacting with the host cells and exert important immunomodulatory effects on the infant gut.However,the composition of HMOs is quite different due to regional differences and genetic factors.This review encompasses aspects of HMOs such as composition,the effects of composition and functional impact on neonate.The current knowledge background of HMOs and the future research on oligosaccharide in Chinese breast milk are also introduced.