高燃速功能材料对高能发射药性能的影响

Influence of High Burning Rate Functional Materials on Properties of High Energy Gun Propellant

为了研究一种具有高能、高燃速特性的新型发射药,在高能发射药的配方体系中添加了两种高燃速功能材料乙二胺-三乙烯二胺高氯酸盐(SY)和硝酸肼镍(NHN)。利用密闭爆发器试验研究高燃速功能材料对高能发射药燃速特性的影响规律,并考察其对高能、高燃速发射药综合性能的影响。采用中止燃烧试验和SEM探索了燃速提高的机理。结果表明,添加质量分数3%的SY或NHN可以有效地提高发射药的燃速,使燃速分别提高了31.8%、17.8%,SY对燃速的提高效果更为显著;高能、高燃速发射药的火药力为1200 J/g左右,具有较高的能量特性;在20℃和-40℃下,NDCS-02(含SY)的抗冲强度分别为73.89 kJ/m^2和7.12 kJ/m^2,NDCN-02(含NHN)的抗冲击强度分别为未断和6.60 kJ/m^2,力学性能优良;NDCS-02和NDCN-02的撞击感度分别为19.0、22.4 cm,摩擦感度分别为84%、90%,都可以满足应用要求;NDCS-02和NDCN-02化学安定性测试的放气量分别为1.15、1.79 mL/g,安定性较好。中止燃烧试验和SEM的测试结果表明,高燃速功能材料先于发射药基体燃烧,使燃烧过程中燃面增加,从而提高燃速。

In order to develop a new type of gun propellant characterized by high energy and high burning rate,two high burning rate functional materials SY and NHN were added to the formula system of high energy gun propellant.Their effect on the burning rate characteristics of high energy gun propellant was studied by closed bomb test.The influence on the comprehensive performance of high energy and high burning rate gun propellant was also studied.The mechanism for the increased burning rate was explored by the suspension of the combustion test and SEM observation.Results show that the burning rate of the gun propellant can be effectively increased after the addition of 3%(mass fraction)SY or NHN by 31.8%and 17.8%respectively.The high energy and high burning rate gun propellant has high energy characteristics,and its gunpowder power is about 1200 J/g.At the temperatures of 20℃and-40℃,impact strength of NDCS-02(containing SY)are 73.89 kJ/m^2 and 7.12 kJ/m^2 respectively,while these of NDCN-02(containing NHN)are unbroken and 6.60 kJ/m^2,respectively.The impact sensitivity of NDCS-02 and NDCN-02 are 19.0 cm and 22.4 cm,and the friction sensitivity are 84%and 90%respectively,which can meet the application requirements.The outgassing volume of NDCS-02 and NDCN-02 in chemical stability test are 1.15 mL/g and 1.79 mL/g respectively,showing good stability.Results of the suspension of the combustion test and the SEM show that the high burning rate functional materials burn ahead of the gun propellant matrix,resulting in an increase in the burning surface during the burning process,thereby increasing the burning rate.