深圳市龙华区新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情应急响应期间常见传染病发病变化分析

Analysis of Changes of Common Infectious Diseases Morbidity During COVID-19 Emergency Response in Longhua District From Shenzhen

目的了解广东省新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称"新冠肺炎")疫情应急响应期间深圳市龙华区的常见传染病发病流行病学特征变化,探索可行的常见传染病防控措施。方法通过中国疾病预防控制系统收集数据,采用描述性流行病学方法,对2020年新冠肺炎应急响应期间,应急响应前期及2019年同期深圳市龙华区常见传染病发病资料进行分析。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行χ2检验及Fisher确切概率法。结果新冠肺炎应急响应期间龙华区6类常见传染病发病率从大到小为其他感染性腹泻、水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、急性出血性结膜炎、手足口病。其中流行性感冒发病数同比及环比降幅最大,其他感染性腹泻降幅最小;龙华区各街道其它感染性腹泻及水痘发病数的构成同比差异有统计学意义(χ其他感染性腹泻2=11.575,χ水痘2=15.638,P<0.05)。手足口病发病数女性多于男性,同比及环比的构成差异有统计学意义(χ响应前2=5.526,χ响应同期2=4.591,P<0.05)。6种常见传染病发病数在大部分年龄组均出现下降,其他感染性腹泻及水痘比起其他4种疾病下降幅度较小。结论应急响应对单纯呼吸道传染病的发病影响较大,对单纯肠道传染病影响较小。所采取的社区隔离等措施同样对常见传染病起到很好的预防控制作用,为今后的防控工作提供参考。

Objective To understand the changes of the epidemiological characteristics of common infectious diseases in Shenzhen Longhua district during the period of emergency response to COVID-19 in Guangdong Province and explore feasible prevention and control measures. Methods Data were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System,and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the incidence of common infectious diseases in Longhua District, Shenzhen during the emergency response period of COVID-19 in 2020. Further, we compared the incidence of common infectious diseases with that in the period before emergency response and the same period in 2019. Results During the emergency response period of COVID-19,the incidence of six infectious diseases ranging from high to low were other infectious diarrhea,chickenpox,influenza,mumps, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and hand-foot-mouth disease in Longhua district.The incidence of influenza showed the greatest decline, whereas other infectious diarrhea showed the lowest decline. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of other infectious diarrhea and varicella in the streets of Longhua district (χother infectious diarrhea2=11.575,χvaricella2=15.638,P<0.05). The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease was higher in females than in males,and the difference was statistically significant (χbefore response2=5.526, χduring response2=4.591, P<0.05). The incidence of the six common infectious diseases decreased in most age groups,while the incidence of other infectious diarrhea and chicken pox decreased less than that of the other four diseases in most age groups. Conclusion Emergency response has a greater impact on the incidence of only respiratory infectious diseases, while the only intestinal infections are less affected. Community isolation and other measures also play a good role in the prevention of common infectious diseases,providing references for the prevention and control efforts in the future.