2010-2018年四川省毒蕈引发的食源性疾病事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of the Poisonous Mushroom Induced Foodborne Diseases in Sichuan Province During 2010 to 2018

目的了解2010-2018年四川省毒蕈引发的食源性疾病事件的发生规律及流行病学特征,为制定相应的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法对2010-2018年食源性疾病事件监测系统中报告的由毒蕈引发的食源性疾病事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果 2010-2018年四川省共报告毒蕈类食源性疾病事件374起,发病1 444人,死亡27人,病死率为1.87%。5-9月是毒蕈类食源性疾病的高发期,6月事件数最多(31.28%),绵阳市的事件数最多(21.39%),家庭是主要的事件暴发场所(90.91%),自行采摘是毒蕈来源的主要因素(66.31%)。结论毒蕈引发的食源性疾病事件是四川省较为严重的公共卫生事件,应在高发地区、高发季节进一步加强健康教育、市场监管,深入开展对毒蘑菇的鉴别研究,达到预防和控制毒蕈类食源性疾病的目的。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the poisonous mushroom induced foodborne diseases in Sichuan Province during 2010-2018 in order to provide scientific basis for the diseases control and prevention. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data of mushroom poisoning foodborne diseases collected from the foodborne disease outbreak reporting system during 2010-2018.Results A total of 374 events were reported during 2010-2018 in Sichuan province. Overall, 1 444 cases of the poisonous mushroom induced foodborne diseases were recorded,including 27 deaths,and the mortality was 1.87%. May to September was the peak season of the poisonous mushroom foodborne diseases. Notably,June was the high prevalent season in each year, accounting for 31.28% of the total cases. Mianyang had the most cases, accounting for 21.39% of the total cases. Most of poisonous mushroom foodborne diseases occurred in family setting, accounting for 90.91% of the total cases. Self-picking was the main source of poisonous mushroom, accounting for 66.31% of the total cases. Conclusion Poisonous mushroom foodborne diseases were a serious public health concern in Sichuan Province. Health education and market supervision should be further strengthened in high incidence areas and seasons. Further studies are needed to identify poisonous mushroom aiming to prevent and control the poisonous mushroom induced foodborne diseases.