麦类作物多属杂交的研究进展

Advances in Research on Multi-Genus Hybridization of Wheat Crops

小麦族多属杂种(Polygeneric hybrid)是指把三个或三个以上属的染色体、染色体组或染色体片断结合在一起,以获得同时具有多属性状的杂种。通过多属杂交,可以将有益的遗传变异和控制优良性状的基因转移到小麦中,拓宽小麦的遗传基础;可以在同一遗传背景中研究不同属染色体(组)间的亲缘关系;还可以创造综合多属优良性状的新种质,丰富小麦育种资源,提高小麦的育种水平,对麦类作物的遗传改良及培育具有重大意义。本综述按多属杂交的组合分类,综述了杂交亲本的特点,杂种后代的选育过程及其后代的遗传鉴定结果和应用价值,旨在为多属杂交的选育及后续研究提供理论依据。

Polygenic hybrid of wheat family refers to the combination of chromosomes, genome or chromosome fragments of three or more genera, to obtain hybrid with multiple attributes at the same time. Through multi-genus hybridization, we can transfer beneficial genetic variation and genes controlling excellent characteristics to wheat,broaden the genetic basis of wheat, and discuss the genetic relationship between chromosomes(Groups) of different genera in the same genetic background. Multi-generic hybridization also can create new germplasm with comprehensive multigenus excellent characters, enrich wheat breeding resources, and improve wheat breeding level. It is of great significance to the genetic improvement and cultivation of wheat crops. In this paper, the characteristics of hybrid parents, the breeding process of hybrid offspring and the results of genetic identification with application value of their offspring were summarized according to the combination classification of multi-genera hybridization, so as to provide theoretical basis for the breeding and follow-up study of multi-genera hybridization.