生物浸出电子垃圾中关键金属的研究进展

Advances in Bioleaching Critical Metals from Electronic Waste

电子产品更新速度的加快,也带来了电子垃圾不断增加的问题。由于其成分复杂,且含有大量可回收的关键金属,其资源化处置备受关注。生物浸出技术因具有工艺简单、能耗低、环境友好等优点而在电子垃圾的关键金属回收中使用。通过对近年来国内外电子垃圾生物浸出领域的研究进行总结,归纳了电子垃圾资源化功能微生物的种类和作用机理,特别对利用嗜酸菌、真菌和产氰微生物浸出关键金属的最新进展进行综述。同时,重点介绍了电子垃圾预处理、微生物培养和生物浸出方法改良对金属浸出效率的提升。最后,对未来生物浸出研究和浸出液中关键金属的回收存在的技术突破提出展望。

With the rapid renewing of electronic products,the output of e-waste is increasing quickly.The recycling of e-waste is of major interest as its complicated components and a variety of recyclable critical metals.Bioleaching technology is commonly used in the recycling of critical metal in e-waste for its advantages of simple process,low energy consumption and environmental friendly.Through reviewing the researches in the field of e-waste bioleaching in recent years,the types and mechanism of functional microorganisms that realize the recycling of e-waste are summarized,especially the latest progress of leaching critical metals by acidophilic bacteria,fungus and cyanogenic microorganisms.Meanwhile,the improvement of metal leaching efficiency through pretreatment of e-waste,microbial culture and optimization of bioleaching methods is highlighted.At last,the prospects for the technological breakthrough in future bioleaching research and the recovery of critical metal in leaching solution are proposed.