农村土地制度改革的地方实践与政策完善——以绍兴为例

The Local Implementation and Improvement of Rural Land Reform:The Case of Shaoxing

农村土地制度改革是我国乡村振兴工作的重要基础。近年来,各地根据国家农村土地制度改革的政策规定,大力探索多元路径,政策实施成效显著,但各种问题也始终存在。本文基于浙江省绍兴市调研所获一手信息及文献研究,分析总结地方在落实中央政策过程中出现的土地出让周期偏短且价格多变削弱土地流转和长期投资的积极性、增减挂钩和点状供地试点政策细则不清导致可实施性不强、村民对政策认知不足导致政策推行效率低下、历史遗留及其衍生问题众多且难以解决四个方面的问题,提出合理设置政策细则,有效保护农民权益,调动土地流转积极性;发挥规划统筹作用,依据规划确定指标,确保政策落地实施;加强政策宣传,鼓励规划参与,提高农民的政策认同;分类出台专项办法,分步骤解决历史遗留及其衍生问题四个方面的对策建议,力图为农村土地制度改革的地方实践提供参考借鉴。

Rural land reform is fundamental for the rural revitalization in China.For many years,local governments have actively invested in great attempts and tried many methods to implement the rural land reform policies,along with both remarkable achievements and various problems.Based on an investigation in some villages in Shaoxing and literature study,this paper summarizes four problems occurring in the local practice of rural land reform,which include the weak incentives for land transfer and long-term investment because of the short land transfer cycles and volatile transaction prices,the low policy feasibility because of the unclear descriptions,the inefficient policy implementation because of the villagers'insufficient understanding,and the difficulties in solving the numerous issues left over from history and their derivatives.In order to deal with the problems above,the paper proposes to refine policies with detailed descriptions,to clarify land use index according to planning,to further policy acknowledgement of villagers,and to formulate specific regulations regarding the issues left over from past,so as to provide a reference for the local practice of rural land reform.