降低拔牙术引起牙槽骨吸收的研究进展

Research Progress of Reducing Alveolar Bone Absorption after Tooth Extraction

拔牙术是口腔颌面外科的基本手术,也是临床处理口腔疾病的最常用治疗技术之一。牙齿的缺失必然会引起机体的功能形态改变,甚至影响患者的生活质量,因此拔牙术后常需要进行修复治疗以满足患者的生理需求。目前较为理想的修复治疗方案为口腔种植,一般口腔种植时间选择在拔牙术后3个月。但拔牙后常伴随牙槽骨吸收及牙龈退缩,这种生理性改变会影响种植体的植入及长期的稳定性。为了降低骨质吸收、提高临床疗效,出现了许多不同的技术,包括植入自体骨或骨替代物、生长因子以及引导组织再生等。

Tooth extraction is a basic operation in oral and maxillofacial surgery,and also one of the most commonly used techniques in clinical treatment of oral diseases.Absense of tooth will inevitably cause the functional and morphological changes of the body,and even influence the living quality,so oral prosthesis is required after tooth extraction to meet the patients physiological needs.At the present stage,oral implant is an ideal prosthodontic treatment,and the time of implant surgery is generally three months after tooth extraction.However,alveolar bone resorption and gingival recession can occur after tooth extraction,and such physiological changes will affect implant insertion and long-term stability.In order to prevent the bone resorption and improve the clinical efficacy,a number of different techniques have been developed in clinical practice,including the implantation of autologous bone or bone substitutes,growth factors,and guided bone regeneration etc.