晋语的方位词“下里[■]”“上里[■]”

On the Location Words[■]下里 and [■]上里 in Jin Group

在一定的空间或某种范围内,普通话说"里、里边、里面、里头",晋语多说"下里",比如太原:干净衣裳放的箱子下里、眼下里全是好人、心下里结记老的结记小的;五台片定襄等点说"上里",比如定襄:井上里早就没裸水唡井里早就没水了、伢外人眼上里就没营生人家那人眼里就没活儿。"名词+下里""名词+上里",分别来源于"名词+下"+"里""名词+上"+"里"。也就是说,"名词+下""名词+上"中的"下""上"表示"处这儿、那儿、旁边"(处所);"里"表示"里面"(范围);叠加成"下里""上里",表示在一定的空间或某种范围内。比如阳曲:■"下里""上里"的词汇化过程已然完成,"下里"词汇化程度更高。

As a counterpart to li里,libian里边,limian里面or litou里头in Putonghua,locatives indicating‘inside a certain space or within a range’,the locative■下里is found in most of the Jin dialects and■上里in some others,e.g.in Taiyuan and Dingxiang of Wutai cluster respectively.The N+■下里construction and N+■上里construction originate respectively from N+xia下+li里and N+shang上+li里,in which the words xia and shang indicate location and li inside,and the composition of xiali下里and shangli上里indicates‘inside a certain space or with a range’,such as in Yangqu dialect and Dingxiang dialect.The lexicalization of both■下里and■上里have completed,although the former’s is of a higher degree.