20世纪三四十年代中国知识界对美国水土侵蚀和治理的关注及其影响

Chinese Intellectuals'Observations on U.S.Soil Erosion and Its Control in the 1930s and 1940s and Their Influences

20世纪三四十年代,中国知识界对美国水土侵蚀及其治理有较多关注。国内通过多种形式,对美国大平原的干旱、沙尘暴等农业灾害进行了报导,从生产方式转变、战时国际需求、机械化等方面分析了农业生产扩大及随之而来的水土侵蚀的原因,从立法、机构和措施三个方面介绍美国水土保持的经验。中国知识界对1930年代美国水土侵蚀及其治理的关注,作为中国水土保持宣传和准备阶段的重要内容,提高了人们对水土保持重要性的认识,为中国开展水土保持试验提供了重要参考,推动了水土保持运动在中国的发展。

In the 1930s and 1940s,Chinese intellectuals paid much attention to U.S.soil erosion and its control.During that period,agricultural disasters,especially the Dust Bowl in the U.S.Great Plains were widely reported in various forms in China.The reasons for the expansion of agricultural production and consequent soil erosion were analyzed from the perspective of production mode changes,wartime needs abroad for American agricultural produce and mechanization.Meanwhile,the American system of soil conservation was introduced in terms of legislation,institutions and measures.With the growing attention from Chinese intellectuals toward U.S.soil erosion and its control,an important part of China's efforts to publicize and prepare for its own soil conservation,the consciousness of soil conservation was gradually raised among Chinese people,and the knowledge of U.S.soil conservation was used as important references for initial conservation experiments in China,thus spurring the development of the soil conservation campaign in China.