治水之后:清代太仓水利实践中的利益纠纷与官方能动性

Conflicts of Interests and Dynamic Role Local Government Played in Irrigation Work of Taicang in Qing

明清时期,江南水利备受朝野关注,但最终却无法摆脱水利不兴、水环境恶化的局面。除人力不可控之自然环境因素、受限于时代之技术与组织模式之外,“国家与社会关系”这个传统问题依然值得关注。清代太仓的水利实践困局,尤其是围绕闸坝产生的纠纷,展现出不同职业与阶层对水资源的差异性需求。治水之后的冲突,往往令善后措施形同虚设、河工成效化为乌有。水利事业中的根本矛盾并非国家与地方的主导权之争,而是地方社会内部的利益博弈。“地方能动性”的彰显不能确保治水成效的提升,而“官方能动性”的退缩则必然使治水陷入分散与无序的状态。清代太仓的水利实践,正反映出这一特征。

The present authors attempt to discuss the irrigation work in Qing s Taicang from the perspective of state-society dichotomy,arguing that the problems confronting the irrigation work should be ascribed not only to the natural,technological and organizational conditions but also to the socio-professionally stratified demand for water.They,digging into the practice of Taicang,point out that,due to the conflicts of interests in the local society,neither the popular nor the official initiatives made the irrigation work truly successful.