论儒家伦理学中的“人”——兼与安乐哲先生商榷

“Human”in Confucian Ethics——Discussing With Mr.Roger T.AMES

安乐哲先生在《儒家伦理学视域下的“人”论:由此开始甚善》一文中,通过对儒家伦理学视域下如何理解位于何种关系、处于何种状态的“人”这个问题进行分析和诠释,得出儒家伦理学的“人”是“生成中的人”的结论。支撑该核心观点的主要依据是:儒家伦理学中的“人”不是现成的人;是能够成为实现关系德性的人;是焦点—场域式的人。但笔者通过对其论证过程的批判性考察,认为安乐哲先生刻意突出家庭、社会群体的重要性,忽略了个人人格的塑造;仅将儒家伦理作为西方伦理思想的补充,夸大了中西伦理思想的差异性;极力强化具体榜样的作用、特定的生活情境和经验直觉,淡化了儒家对普遍性和终极性的追寻;过分强调人所处的“焦点—场域”及角色的关系性,导致了裙带关系及贪污腐败的滋生及个人所承担角色之间的冲突。安乐哲先生上述某些理由略有偏颇,并不能被儒家伦理学有关“人”的思想所支撑。

In his article“The Theory of Human beings from the Perspective of Confucian Ethics:from this Point on,It Is Very Good”.Through the analysis and interpretation of how to understand the relationship and state of“human”from the perspective of Confucian ethics,he draws the conclusion that“human”in Confucian ethics is“man-becoming”.The main basis of supporting this core view is:the“human”in Confucian ethics is not a ready-made person;it is the person who can realize the relationship virtue;it is the focus field type person.However,through a critical review of his argumentation process,the author believes that Mr.Roger T.AMES deliberately highlights the importance of family and social groups,and neglects the shaping of personal personality;he only takes Confucian ethics as a supplement to western ethical thoughts,exaggerating the differences between Chinese and western ethical thoughts;he greatly strengthens the role of specific examples,specific life situations and experience intuition,and weakens the Confucianists’attitude towards the general public and the pursuit of universality and ultimate;overemphasizing the“focus field”and the relationship of roles lead to the breeding of nepotism and corruption and the conflict between the roles of individuals.Some of the reasons mentioned by Mr.Roger T.AMES are a little biased,which can not be supported by the Confucian ethics about“human”.