论自动驾驶汽车交通肇事罪刑事责任主体的认定

Cognizance of the Subject of Criminal Responsibility of Auto-driving Automobile Traffic Accident Crime

自动驾驶汽车在满足社会需求的同时,其交通肇事的风险并没有随之消失。新的驾驶机制对现行刑法提出了极大挑战,其中交通肇事罪的责任主体认定是突出难点。自动驾驶汽车因其不具备自由意志和刑事责任能力,以及无法实现刑罚功能等原因在现阶段还不宜作为交通肇事罪的主体。自动驾驶汽车引起交通事故的责任承担主体主要是程序设计者、制造商和实际使用者。前两者主要承担缺陷产品责任,后者主要承担监督过失责任。

Auto-driving satisfies the needs of the society.However,the risk of traffic accidents does not disappear.The new driving mechanism poses a great challenge to the current criminal law,among which the identification of the responsibility subject of traffic accident crime is a prominent difficulty.Because of its lack of free will and criminal responsibility and the inability to achieve the penalty function,the auto-driving vehicle is not suitable for the crime of causing traffic casualties at this stage.The main body responsible for causing traffic accidents is the program designer,manufacturer and actual user.The former two are mainly responsible for defective products,while the latter is mainly responsible for supervision negligence.