从冲突到妥协:东方战争时期法兰克人对伊斯兰世界的交往策略

From Conflict to Compromise:The Diplomatic Strategies of the Franks towards the Islamic World during the Warfare in Levant

1096—1124年,从第一次十字军战争爆发到占领推罗,法兰克人在东方以战争建立起所谓拉丁东方的一系列封建政权。战争范畴下的交往突出了矛盾对立的逆向性,奠定了整体交往的基调,起到了决定性的作用,这从根本上限制了交往的上限。然而,战争冲突并没有造成双方的完全隔离。在权力层面下,封建贵族阶层间为了攫取并保证自身既得利益,建立了上层间交往关系,主要表现为个人交往、封建附庸、战俘赎回及军事联盟等形式,凸显出封建性与时效性。随着拉丁东方政权的稳固,区域力量平衡态势逐渐形成,战争冲突减少并建立起经常性的商贸联系,随着威尼斯、热那亚等海上城市的介入,其交往联系进而产生了更为深远的经济影响。法兰克人对伊斯兰世界的交往策略经历了一个由冲突走向联系互动的发展过程。

From 1096 to 1124,between the first Crusades and the occupation of Tyre,the Franks established the Latin East by warfare which was composed of several feudal states.The early diplomatic strategy in the context of warfare highlighted the reverse of contradiction.It set the tone of relations and decided the upper limit of communication.However,the conflict of war did not lead to a complete isolation.In terms of lordship,the feudal aristocracy mainly adopted patterns of personal contacts,feudal dependency,redeem of prisoners and even military alliance,all of which highlighted the features of feudalism and timeliness,in order to gain benefits and keep themselves safe,as well as to build a relationship network in upper classes.As the Latin East established itself firmly in Levant,the balance of power in this region formed,the conflict of war reduced,a limited compromise and tolerance achieved,and the frequent commercial exchange was established.Meanwhile,the interference of marine cities,such as Venice and Genoa,exerted a profound influence on economy.In conclusion,the communication strategies of the Franks went through a process from conflict to compromise gradually.