当代西方心灵哲学情绪-感受理论的困境与出路

Predicament and Outlet of Emotion-Feeling Theory in Contemporary Western Philosophy of Mind

20世纪90年代后,随着当代心灵科学-哲学各领域的深层交融,历史悠久的情绪感受论又在新的基底上获得重铸和发展。其中最具代表性的理论是达马西奥提出的情绪-感受理论。虽然情绪-感受理论能够解决传统感受论的一些难题,但却在情绪、身体变化和感受的关系等问题上陷入了新的困境。综观当代心灵科学-哲学情绪研究的新进展和情绪-感受理论面临的困境,其摆脱困境的出路和未来发展进路应是:回归“情绪”本质上意指特定“精神状态”这个本义,把“情绪”置于比“感受”更高的本体论层位,把情绪固有的“评价”因素和“动机”因素吸收进来,在坚持身体变化和感受是情绪之基础的同时,把“感受”“评价”“动机”有机统一起来,建立融合这三大要素的情绪理论。

Since the 1990s,with the rapid development and integration of various disciplines of contemporary philosophy of mind,the feeling theory of emotion has once again attracted people’s attention and research.One of the most representative theories is the emotion-feeling theory proposed by Damasio.Its core proposition is to distinguish emotion and feeling as two fundamentally different things,to define emotion as the automatic change of the body level,and to define feeling as the spiritual experience associated with emotion.However,although the emotion-feeling theory of splitting emotions and feelings can solve some problems of James’s theory,it falls into a more serious dilemma in the relationship between emotions,physical changes and feelings.This article argues that the only way to solve the dilemma can be boiled down as follows:return to the original meaning of the concept of“emotion”,restore the original meaning of“emotion”which is higher than feeling on the ontological level,make the emotion include the“evaluation”and“motivation”factors,and insist that physical changes are fundamental to emotions while unifying the three main factors of“feeling”,“evaluate”and“motivation”.