知识怀疑论及其在当代的境遇--兼论塞尔的知识观

Epistemological Skepticism and Its Contemporary Situation--On Searle’s View of Knowledge

怀疑论与西方知识论如影随形,它着眼于知识的确定性以寻求人类心灵的安宁。近代西方的经验论和唯理论分别从经验和理性两个角度来探讨知识的确定性问题,均无功而返。塞尔认为,在知识爆炸的时代,怀疑论者所质疑的知识的确定性、客观性和普遍性等特征与知识的暂时性、视角性和建构性等特征之间并不矛盾。因此我们进入了后怀疑论时代,哲学家们可以将精力投向哲学的一般理论问题研究。

Skepticism is closely associated with western epistemology.It focuses on the certainty of knowledge in order to seek the peace of mind.Empiricism and rationalism in the modern West have failed to discuss the certainty of knowledge from the perspectives of experience and rationality respectively.According to Searle,in the era of knowledge explosion,the certainty,objectivity and universality of knowledge which are questioned by skeptics are not contradictory with the temporality,perspectivism and constructivism of knowledge.So we have entered a post-skeptical age in which philosophers can devote their energies to the general theoretical problems of philosophy.