语法的专断性与意义的明晰性--论维特根斯坦直接解释学

Arbitrariness of Grammar and Clarity of Meaning--Reflections on Wittgenstein’s One-step Hermeneutics

维特根斯坦的哲学也可被称作直接解释学,其目标是追求意义的明晰性和确定性。意义的明晰性意味着语言拥有一个固定意义域,语法确定了该意义域,给语言设定了界限,用以区分有意义和无意义的表达式,并把无意义的表达式排除出去,因为这些无意义的表达式无法得以清晰的描述。语言的语法具有独断性,它像上帝的意志,必须得到绝对的服从。直接解释学的方法具有描述而非探究的性质。

Wittgenstein’s philosophy in a sense can be termed as one-step hermeneutics,aiming at the clarity and certainty of meaning.To achieve this goal,it is presupposed that language has a fixed horizon of meaning,and the grammar of language is used to determine the boundary between meaningful expressions and meaningless expressions.Consequently,meaningless expressions are ruled out because they can never be clearly stated.It is concluded that language grammar is arbitrary,similar to God’s will,which demands absolute obedience.One-step hermeneutics is descriptive rather than foundationalist.