自然与经验——马克思和怀特海的关系论之共通性

Nature and Experience:The Commonality of Marx and Whitehead on the Theory of Relationship

马克思与怀特海把哲学目光投向可感经验世界,都以总体性辩证法解构传统形而上学,并以经验主体为逻辑起点,以感性活动的展开及其关系的生成为基础重构了关系论哲学。然而,对二者来说,“关系”并非仅思维中的观念所观念化的“关系”,而是首先具有现实世界的现实存在的自明性基础。他们正是从关系性存在这唯一事实出发,借以经验分析之根本视角,通过调解部分与整体、自然同机体间的相互关系与作用,得以用关系思维消解了各式二元论与实体论的对立,凭借感受与实践分析世界、理解经验主体自身。所以,有必要从存在、认识与实践三个向度阐释其关系论的共通性。

Both Marx and Whitehead turn their attention to sensory and experiential world,and by this way,they grasp the organic and holistic thinking mode to deconstruct traditional metaphysics and reconstruct relationship theory.From their points of view,it is critical that the concept of“relation”should firstly rest on the basis of empirical reality in order to harmonize whole and part,nature and organism.With this approach,the relational thinking mode is able to analyze the world,and comprehend experiential subjects by feeling and practice.Therefore,it is necessary to interpret the commonality between Marx and Whitehead on the relationship theory from three aspects:beings,cognition and practice.