辞书释义方法的演变研究

Research on the Development of Definition Methods of Dictionary

辞书释义,理论方法先行。纵观2000多年的辞书发展史,释义方法大体经历了随文释义、同义词释义、“属+种差”释义、整句释义、模板释义五个阶段。虽然“属+种差”法是当前辞书释义最常见、最主流的方法,但该方法在“属”和“种差”的确定以及同义词、多义词、新词的解释等方面存在着一定的不足。研究表明,模板释义法可以作为“属+种差”释义法的有益补充。

Before defining a word,the theory and method should be firstly determined.Throughout the development history of dictionary for more than 2000 years,the definition method has generally gone through five stages:contextual definition,synonym definition,“genus+species difference”definition,whole sentence definition and template definition.Up to now,the method of“genus+species difference”has developed into the most common and important one in dictionary definition,but there are still some deficiencies in determining“genus”and“species difference”and in defining synonym,polysemy,neologism and so on.Studies show that the method of template definition can be a useful supplement to the one of“genus+species difference”definition.