台湾地区“特有词”的历时来源与构成特点

The Diachronic Sources and FormationCharacteristics of “Special Regional Words” in Taiwan

以《两岸差异词词典》中的1543条台湾地区特有词语为研究对象,将之与三个版本的《国语辞典》(1947年原编本、1981年重编本和2015年修订本)就词形与释义进行穷尽式比对,详细考察台湾地区特有词的历时来源、构成类别、造词方式、使用情况以及与大陆的互动等。研究结果表明,绝大多数特有词是台湾地区利用汉语固有的语素和构词法径行创制的新词,而少部分则是两岸“同源”词语在台湾地区沿用而大陆罕用或弃用的结果,方言词等亦属少数。

The paper takes 1543 special regional words in Taiwan of Dictionary of Different Words Across the Taiwan Strait as the research object,and compares them in the form and meaning with those of three editions of Mandarin Chinese Dictionary(the original edition in 1947,the revised edition in 1981 and the revised edition in 2015).It also makes a detailed study on the diachronic sources,types of formation,word formation methods,conditions of usage,and interaction between Chinese Taiwan and mainland.The results show that the vast majority of special regional words are the result of Taiwan using the inherent morpheme and word-formation of Chinese to create new words,a small part of them are the result of“cognate”words used in Taiwan and rarely used or abandoned in Chinese mainland,and dialect words are also few.