基于中美土木工程专业课程体系比较的学生自主学习教育模式改革研究

On the Reform of Student Autonomous Learning Education Model Based on the Comparison of Civil Engineering Curriculum System between China and America

以美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴那—香槟分校(UIUC)和中南大学(CSU)为中美高校代表,全面介绍UIUC土木工程专业课程体系构成,从课程学分、课程类别、主要特征等方面详细比较两校土木工程专业课程体系,分析中美土木工程专业课程体系表观差异性,揭示了两校课程体系所反映的高等教育人才培养理念(通用型和专业型人才培养观念、专业课程教育理念、主动学习与被动学习、专业实践教学方法)差异,提出在通用型人才培养视角下以学生自主学习为目标的土木工程大类课程体系顶层设计原则。进一步提出基于高等教育供给侧主体(教育主管部门、各级政府、高等院校、教师)的本科教育改革建议。

Taking the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(UIUC)and Central South University(CSU)as the representatives of Chinese and American universities,the curriculum system composition of civil engineering at UIUC is introduced,and the curriculum systems at the two universities are compared in the course credits,course categories,and main characteristics to analyzing the apparent differences in the curriculum systems of civil engineering between China and the United States.It reveals the conceptual differences of higher education talent training of curriculum systems at the two universities,namely the general and professional talent training concept,the educational idea of the professional curriculum,the active and passive learning,and the professional practice teaching method.The top-level design principles of the curriculum system of civil engineering aiming to the student autonomous learning from the perspective of general talent training are proposed.Furtherly,the suggestions for undergraduate education reform based on the supply-side subjects of higher education,namely education departments,governments at all levels,colleges and universities,and teachers,are proposed.