关于修改全国人大“两法”的若干思考

Some Reflections on Amending the"Two Laws"of the National People’s Congress

对于目前已公布的《全国人民代表大会组织法》(修正草案)和《全国人民代表大会议事规则》(修正草案),本文赞同其修改方案的基本内容。就本次修法而言:建议有关全国人大常委会属性与地位的条文表述进一步厘清其与其他常设机关(机构、组织)的界限;建议增设主席团复审机制,以便处理对有关议案是否被决定列入会议议程的不同意见;建议在避免全国人大对司法个案"包办代替"的前提下,认真考虑对司法个案进行质询监督的可能性。就人民代表大会制度长远发展而言,建议在将来以一部《全国人民代表大会法》来合并规定当前《组织法》、《议事规则》分别规定的内容;建议加快实现全国人大常委会全员专职制,并且在本次修法中加入原则性表述。

The draft amendment of the National People’s Congress Organic Law and the National People’s Congress’Rules of Proceeding are applaudable in general.This article proposes that:1)first,the new provision regarding the nature and status of the Standing Committee of the NPC should be expressed in a way highlighting this organ’s difference to other standing bodies(agencies,organizations);2)a review mechanism of the presidium be established to deal with disagreement on whether the relevant motion has been decided to be included in the agenda of the meeting;3)under the premise of avoiding the NPC"outsourcing"of judicial cases,whether a prudent congressional oversight over concrete judicial cases be set up deserves more deliberation.As to the long-term development of the People’s Congress system,this article argues that the Organic Law and the Rules of Proceeding should be merged into one single legislation——the National people’s Congress Law;in addition,the NPC Standing Committee’s process of professionalization should be accelerated and a principled statement should be added in the amendment.