二元处罚体系下过失危险犯的教义学考察——以妨害传染病防治罪为视角

A Doctrinal Investigation of the Negligent Potential Damage Offense under the Dual Punishment System

二元处罚体系下,无论是没有结果的过失还是仅具有抽象危险的行为,一般都应作为行政处罚的对象。但是,基于对公共安全等重大法益保护的预防性要求,作为保障法的刑法不断将其评价半径前移,将"没有造成结果的过失"进行刑法评价,妨害传染病防治罪即是刑法前置防范重大风险的立法示例。对于过失危险犯中"危险"的认定,应当进行实害化、"严重化"限缩,将其解释为一种虚化的实害后果表征,该严重危险需要同时满足"行为的危险"+"行为客体的危险"双层次要求,避免具体危险司法认定抽象危险化。

Under the dual punishment system,the negligence without result or the behavior with abstract danger,should generally be regarded as the object of administrative punishment.However,based on the preventive requirements for the protection of major legal interests such as public security,the criminal law,which is a safeguard law,has continuously moved its evaluation radius forward,and evaluated the"negligence that did not cause a result in the criminal law".The crime of interfering prevention and treatment of infectious disease is an example of legislation to prevent major risks in front of criminal law.For the identification of"spreading serious danger",it is necessary to limit the actual harm and interpret it as a false representation of the actual harm consequences.The"serious"danger needs to meet the two-level requirements of"behavior danger"+"behavior object danger"at the same time,avoid the abstract danger of specific danger judicial determination.