多元补偿主体、环境规制与海洋经济可持续发展

Multiple Subjects of Ecological Compensation, Environmental Regulation and Sustainable Development of Marine Economy

海洋生态资源作为重要的自然资源,对国家经济和社会福利有着不可或缺的影响。但近年来人类社会对海洋的无序开发和过度使用,造成了海洋生物多样性下降、海洋生态承载力弱化等现象。在多元主体海洋环境规制分析框架下,构建了包含海洋生态补偿功能的社会核算矩阵和海洋可计算一般均衡模型。研究在增值税率、各经济主体对海洋转移支付率变动时,海洋生态补偿量以及各经济指标的变化情况。通过对我国海洋经济发展问题进行综合分析,发现提高居民、企业、地方政府、中央政府对海洋的转移支付率和降低增值税率均可以增加海洋生态补偿量,但增加的效果依次减弱。其中,企业对海洋的转移支付率的提高可在不会产生明显的负面经济效应情况下显著增加海洋收入。

As an important natural resource,marine ecological resources have an indispensable impact on national economic and social welfare.However,in recent years,due to the disordered development and excessive use of the ocean by human society,the marine biodiversity has declined,and the marine ecological carrying capacity has weakened.Therefore,in the framework of multi-agent marine environmental regulation analysis,the social accounting matrix and marine computable general equilibrium model including marine ecological compensation function are constructed,and the changes of marine ecological compensation amount and economic indicators are studied when the value-added tax rate and the transfer payment rate of each economic entity to the sea change.Through the comprehensive analysis of China’s marine economic development,it is found that increasing the transfer payment rate and reducing the value-added tax rate of residents,enterprises,local governments and central governments can increase the amount of marine ecological compensation,but the increasing effect is weakened in turn.Among them,the increase of enterprises’transfer payment rate to the ocean can significantly increase the ocean income without significant negative economic effects.