“危机”学生专门教育的合理性与争议性——基于美、英、澳三国替代性教育的实践反思

The Rationality and Controversy of Specialized Education for Students at Risk——Reflection on the Practice of Alternative Education in the United States,Britain and Australia

替代性教育作为一种针对"危机"学生的专门教育,在美国已经在法治化的规范下形成了相对完善的专门教育体系,在英国主要以普通教育的服务项目而存在,在澳大利亚则是以多样化的教育支持计划来实施。从理论上看,替代性教育为"危机"学生提供教育选择的机会,在社会控制和人力资本发展方面发挥作用。然而,围绕替代性教育能否给"危机"学生优质的教育体验以及其是否能够实现社会正义,现有的研究还存在争议。

As a specialized education for students at risk,the practice of alternative education has different characteristics among United States,Britain and Australia.There is a relatively comprehensive specialized education system in the United States benefiting from its law system.It mainly exists in Britain as a service project of regular education.And in Australia,it plays the role of educational support with diverse forms.Theoretically,alternative education provides opportunities for students at risk to continue their education,and it can also serve for social control and improve the human capital for the country.However,it is still controversial about whether alternative education can give the students at risk a chance to experience a high-quality education and whether it can promote social justice.