学校治理视角下英国教育惩戒政策实施及取向分析

Analysis on the Implementation of UK Education Disciplinary Policy and Its Value Orientation:Based on Perspective of School Governance

英国自20世纪80年代以来出台了多部有关教育惩戒的法例,成为教育惩戒政策实践经验较为丰富的国家之一。聚焦于学校这一单位,在宏观层面,英国教育惩戒政策阐明了惩戒的条件和限度,即实施惩戒的合法条件与合法情境。此外,英国学校通过"内外联动"的方式为教育惩戒提供三类行政支持:实施恢复性惩戒、成立情绪和行为障碍支持队,开展与教育福利服务机构的合作;微观层面,学校教育惩戒政策依据行为失范程度界定教师制裁方式,如口头警告、拘留、搜查、没收等,同时划分出正式奖励和非正式奖励两大奖励类别。英国教育惩戒政策的实施折射出以人为本、注重公平、强调理性的价值取向。

Since the 1980s,the UK has introduced a series of laws,and it has become one of the countries with rich experience in the implementation of education disciplinary policy.In order to strengthen school governance,at the macro level,the school education disciplinary policy clarifies the conditions and limits of education disciplinary,including the legal conditions and situations for the implementation.In addition,schools provide administrative support for education disciplinary including restorative punishment,the establishing support for emotional and behavioral difficulties and cooperation with education welfare service institute.At the micro level,it defines the way of teachers'disciplinary based on the degree of misconduct,such as verbal warning,detention,searching,and confiscation,and it also divides two categories of reward into formal reward and informal reward.The implementation of education disciplinary policyin the UK reflects the value orientation of humanism,fair and rationalism.