高等教育用地集约利用的分异特征及其影响因素——基于山东省124个高校校区调研数据

Differentiation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Intensity for Higher Education:Based on the Survey Data of 124 Campuses in Shandong Province

基于山东省67所高校124个校区的调研数据,对高等教育用地集约利用的时间演化特征和空间分异特征进行系统阐述,定量化探讨影响教育用地集约空间分异的主要因素,结果发现:①1949—1977和1999—2009年是山东省高校校区建设的两个高峰时段,受校区教育用地规划留白及建设滞后性影响,1999年前建设的高校校区平均集约度基本稳定在较高水平,此后建设的校区教育用地整体利用情况趋于粗放。②山东省高校校区集中分布在地级市的市辖区,以中等集约度的区县数量最多,沿鲁西南、鲁中和鲁西北呈"西南—东北"向分布,山东半岛地区的教育用地集约度较高,鲁南地区普遍较低。③初步确定高校基本信息、自然地理环境、经济社会发展、交通区位条件以及政企资金支持等5个目标层10项因子作为影响高等教育用地集约度空间分异的探测因素。山东省的实证结果显示,高校基本信息层的要素解释效果明显强于其他要素,影响因子间的交互作用均能增强对用地集约空间分异的解释力。在土地经济效益较高、校区建设时间较早且校区占地面积较小的地区,教育用地更为集约。

Based on the systematic survey data of 124 campuses of 67 universities in Shandong Province,this paper expounds the temporal evolution characteristics and spatial differentiation rules of intensive use of higher education land in Shandong Province from the micro scale of campuses,and quantitatively discusses the driving factors that affect the intensive distribution of higher education land.The results showed that:1)It appeared two peak periods for the construction of college campuses in Shandong Province in 1949-1977 and 1999-2009.Affected by the blank space of campus education land planning and the lag of construction,the average intensive degree of the campus construction land was basically stable and maintained at a high level before 1999,it was extensive after 1999.2)The campuses concentrate in the municipal districts of prefecture-level cities,and the education land use of most districts belongs to the medium intensive level.These districts are clustered in the southwest,the central,and the northwestern part of Shandong Province,showing a"southwest-northeast"layout.The Shandong Peninsula is dominated by the high intensity,while the southern Shandong Province is relatively extensive.3)Five target layers(10 influencing factors),such as basic information of university,natural geographical environment,economic and social development,traffic conditions and government policy,are initially identified as the detection factors affecting the spatial differentiation of higher education land intensive use.A case study of Shandong Province,the element influence of the layer of basic information of university is better than others,the interaction between influencing factors can enhance the ability to interpret the spatial differentiation of land use intensity for higher education.In general,the areas where have higher land economic benefits,earlier construction and smaller campuses have more intensive land use of the higher education.