增加受益企业为环境责任主体的正当性研究

Research on the Legitimacy of Increasing Beneficiary Enterprises as the Subject of Environmental Responsibility

损害担责原则限制了环境责任的承担主体。部分企业为了追求更高的利润,利用污染者负担的主体范围限制,通过转移“污染者”身份,逃避承担环境责任,致使受害人和环境得不到充分救济。基于此,本文从损害担责原则的局限性入手,结合受益者负担原则、损害填补原则与责任社会化原则、企业社会责任理论、危险责任理论及域外经验五个方面探讨增加受益企业作为环境责任主体的正当性。受益企业应当根据其主观是否存在过错分别适用不同的归责基础。主观上存在过错的受益企业适用过错推定原则,不存在过错的受益企业适用公平原则。

The principle of liability for damage limits the subject range of environmental responsibility.In order to pursue higher profits,some enterprises use the restrictions of the scope of the subject,and transfer the identity of the"polluter"to avoid taking on environmental responsibility,so that the victims and the environment do not get adequate relief.Based on this phenomenon,this paper starts from the limitation of the principle of liability for damage,and discusses the legitimacy of beneficiary enterprises as subjects of environmental responsibility from five aspects:the principle of beneficiary burden,the principle of damage filling and the principle of socialization of responsibility,the theory of corporate social responsibility,the theory of hazard responsibility and the extraterritorial experience.The beneficiary enterprise shall apply different imputation basis respectively according to its subjective existence fault or not.The beneficiary enterprises with subjective fault should apply the principle of presumption of fault,and the benefit enterprises that do not have faults should apply the principle of fairness.