“修昔底德命题”抑或“修昔底德陷阱”——历史学者与国际关系学者对伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发缘由之不同解读

“Thucydides Statement”or“Thucydides Trap”:Different interpretations by historians and scholars of international relations on the cause of the Peloponnesian War

伯罗奔尼撒战争是人类历史上一场十分重要的战争。修昔底德对这场战争的记录与分析使之同时吸引了历史学者与国际关系学人的关注。前者多试图摆脱"修昔底德命题"对思想的束缚,通过对更多战前历史细节的梳理和掌握得出有异于修昔底德的结论;后者则多认可修昔底德的论断,并试图以不同的视角对所谓"修昔底德陷阱"作进一步发散与升华。之所以出现如此学科上的差异,究其实,是因为历史学者们更多地是将伯罗奔尼撒战争当作一个孤立的事件,把战争的爆发当作某次蝴蝶效应带来的偶然结果;而国际关系学人则是把伯罗奔尼撒战争的爆发当作某种现象产生时近乎必然出现的后果。双方在不同方向上的努力,对于我们理解伯罗奔尼撒战争的爆发都具有重要意义。

The Peloponnesian War is extremely significant in human history.Thucydides record and analysis of the war attracted the attention of both historians and scholars of international relations.The former mostly try to get rid of the shackles of Thucydides statement and draw a conclusion different from Thucydides by grasping and sorting out more details of pre-war history,while the latter mostly approve of Thucydides judgment and attempts to further refine the“Thucydides Trap”from different perspectives.The reason for the difference is that historians regard the Peloponnesian War as an isolated event and the outbreak of the war as an accidental result of some butterfly effect.Scholars of international relations,however,view the outbreak of the War as an almost inevitable consequence of a certain phenomenon.The efforts of both fields in different directions are of great significance to our understanding of the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War.