我国基本公共服务均等化的政策目标与演化规律——基于党的十八大以来中央政策的文本分析

Policy Objectives and Evolution of Equalization of Basic Public Services in China:Based on the Text Analysis of the National-level Policy since the 18th National Congress of the CPC

基本公共服务均等化是我国民生保障制度的核心内容。本文采用政策文本分析法,对党的十八大以来我国基本公共服务均等化的政策目标及其演变规律进行分析,发现我国基本公共服务均等化政策以保障人民权利为基本理念;以满足人民美好生活需要为目标;以健全体系、规范标准、统筹城乡为路径,体现了"以人民为中心"的价值理性。其演化过程呈现出"普惠化——均等化——优质化"的梯度递进规律,折射出我国基本公共服务政策功能开始从"保生存"到"优生活"、从"能兜底"到"高品质"、从"有没有供给"到"能否满足需求"的转变趋势,充分显示中国特色民生保障的制度优势正在有效转换为民生治理的效能。

The equalization of basic public services is the core content of China’s livelihood security system.By using the method of policy text analysis,this paper analyzes the policy objectives and evolution of the equalization of basic public services in China since the 18 th National Congress of the CPC.The research results show that the basic concept of the policy of equalization of basic public services in China is protecting the rights of the people;the core goal is meeting the needs of the people’s better life;the implementation path is taking measures such as system construction,standards and norms,and urban-rural co-ordination;the value pursuit is people-centered.The evolution of the policy reflects the progressive law of"universalization-equalization-quality".It shows the policy function begins to change from ensuring survival to improving living standards,from basic indemnification to quality,from public service supply to people’s demand satisfaction.This trend fully shows that the institutional advantages of the protection of people’s livelihood are effectively transformed into the governance effectiveness of people’s livelihood.