六种作物内标准基因开发与检测研究进展

Progress on Development and Detection of Internal Reference Genes in Six Crops

内标准基因(internal reference gene)是指能够区分物种的特异性、具有单一或恒定的低拷贝数、低变异的保守DNA序列。指定作物种类的内标准基因在转基因成分检测、物种及其产品判别等众多领域内作为鉴别其他物种的主要遗传标志,尤其是在转基因产品定量定性检测中,可用于检测样品中的物种来源以及转基因含量,对转基因产品定量定性检测具有重要意义。目前,已有多种作物的内标准基因被开发,其中玉米、油菜和水稻开发的内标准基因数量较多,但仍缺乏更为透彻的比较研究,导致选择与应用较为困难。基于此,根据国内外已有的研究成果,综述了6种检测或鉴定需求较大的作物(包括玉米、大豆、油菜、棉花、水稻和小麦)的内标准基因的研究进展,并对常见作物的内标准基因进行了系统的比较和研究,以期为植物源性、转基因成分及相关检测鉴定提供技术支撑。

Internal reference gene refers to a conserved DNA sequence which can distinguish species specificity,has a single or constant low copy number,and low variation.The internal reference genes of designated crop species are used as the main genetic markers to identify other species in many fields,such as transgenic component detection,species and product discrimination,etc.Especially in the quantitative and qualitative detection of genetically modified products,they can be used to detect species sources and transgenic content in samples,which is of great significance to the quantitative and qualitative detection of genetically modified products.At present,many kinds of internal reference genes of crops have been developed,among which the number of internal reference genes developed for maize,rape and rice is relatively large,but there is still a lack of more thorough comparative research,which makes it difficult to select and apply them.Based on this,according to the existing research results at home and abroad,the research progress of internal reference genes of six crops(including corn,soybean,rape,cotton,rice and wheat)with great demand for detection and identification was summarized,and the internal reference genes of common crops were systematically compared and studied,in order to provide technical support for plant-derived and transgenic components and related detection and identification.