质量平衡法及其在标准物质定值中的应用进展

Progress on Reference Materials Based on Mass Balance Method

为保证不同地区、不同时间测量结果的可比性,测量结果需溯源至适当的、规定的参考标准。对于化学、生物、工程、物理学领域的材料和样品测量,该参考标准为标准物质。由此可见,标准物质的定值对物质的检测及定量是十分重要的。标准物质(reference material,RM)是一种足够均匀的、具有一种或多种相对容易确定的特性值的材料或物质,可用于给材料赋值、评价测量方法及校准测量仪器等。质量平衡法作为标准物质的定量方法之一,是一种常用的纯度测量方法,将水分、灰分、挥发组分、无机元素等杂质的含量从100%中扣除,再根据主要组分在有机组分中的百分比来确定物质纯度。质量平衡法具有较高准确度,能够溯源到国际单位制中的质量单位,且若使用基准方法测量样品中的主成分及各部分杂质以完成整个质量平衡法的测量,质量平衡法则有望成为新的基准方法。基于此,对质量平衡法原理及质量平衡法在标准物质的研制中的应用进行了介绍,并对近期质量平衡法在标准物质中的最新应用进行了总结,以期探索质量平衡法在标准物质研制中的更多可能。

In order to ensure the comparability of measurement results in different regions and at different times,the measurement results need to be traced to appropriate and prescribed reference standards.For the measurement of materials and samples in the fields of chemistry,biology,engineering and physics,the reference standard is a standard substance.It can be seen that the determination of reference materials is very important for the detection and quantification of materials.Reference material(RM)is a sufficiently uniform material or substance with one or more characteristic values that are relatively easy to determine.It can be used to assign values to materials,evaluate measurement methods,and calibrate measurement instruments.As one of the quantitative methods of reference materials,mass balance method is a commonly used purity measurement method,which deducts the content of impurities such as moisture,ash,volatile components and inorganic elements from 100%,and then determines the purity of materials according to the percentage of main components in organic components.The mass balance method has high accuracy and can be traced to the quality units in the international system of units.If the main components and various impurities in the sample are measured by the benchmark method to complete the measurement of the whole mass balance method,the mass balance method is expected to become a new benchmark method.Based on this,the principle of mass balance method and its application in the development of reference materials were introduced,and the latest application of mass balance method in reference materials was summarized in order to explore more possibilities of mass balance method in the development of reference materials.