乡村弹性化治理:一个概念性框架及其三重维度——基于“国家-社会”关系历史演进的考量

Rural Flexible Governance:A Conceptual Framework and Three Dimensions:On the Historical Evolution of“State Society”Relationship

“国家-社会”关系是理解中国乡村治理的重要分析框架,中国乡村治理模式经历了“弱国家-强社会”的简约治理、“强国家-弱社会”的全能治理和“强国家-较弱社会”威权治理的变迁。其主要特征是国家权力逐渐增强,乡村社会权威逐渐衰弱;国家精英话语主导,乡村大众话语式微;国家正式制度逐渐完善,乡村非正式制度边缘化,导致国家和乡村社会关系呈现周期性矛盾和冲突。为突破传统国家和社会二元对立关系,构建国家和乡村社会共同发展、彼此合作的新型模式,尝试提出乡村弹性化治理,并基于权力、话语和制度三个维度阐释乡村弹性化治理的内涵。同时从国家基础性权力的弹性建设、家户公共话语体系的构建、正式制度和非正式制度耦合三方面探索如何实现乡村弹性化治理,进而为实现乡村治理有效提供一种选择。

“State-society”relationship is an important analytical framework for understanding rural governance in China.The governance model of rural areas in China has experienced the simple governance of“weak state-strong society”,the omnipotent governance and authoritarian governance of“strongstate-weak society”.The changes of the above three governance modes show the gradual strengthening of state power and the gradual weakening of social authority;the dominance of state elite discourse and the decline of rural mass discourse;the gradual improvement of state formal system and the gradual marginalization of rural informal system,leading to periodic contradictions and conflicts between the state and society.In order to break through the binary opposition between the traditional“state-society”and construct a new model of mutual development,mutual dependence and cooperation between the state and society,this paper attempts to put forward the concept of“flexible governance in rural areas”,and interprets the connotation of flexible governance in rural areas from three dimensions of power,discourse and system.This paper explores how to realize rural elastic governance from three aspects:the elastic construction of national basic power,the construction of household public discourse system,the coupling of formal system and informal system,so as to provide an effective choice for rural governance.